We have published several articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals, proceedings, and conferences.
Journals
Voluntary Diving Exercise Improves Hippocampus-dependent Learning in Rats – Biogenesis Journal (2020)
Several physiological alterations that arise in response to hypoxemia conditions when diving are intended to protect oxygen-sensitive organs from the hypoxic condition. Hippocampus, known for its central function in memory formation, is sensitive to hypoxic conditions. This research aimed to study the effect of voluntary diving exercise (VDE) on the hippocampus-dependent learning performance of rats. Rats were divided into control and diving groups, with swim and voluntary diving exercises every day for 60 days, respectively. Observation of memory consolidation was carried out using Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Novel Object Recognition (NOR) tests. In the MWM test, the escape latencies in the diving group were shorter than those in the control group. Consistent results were obtained in the MWM probe trial which the time spent in the target quadrant was significantly longer in the diving group. Moreover, the diving group spent more time exploring the novel object in the NOR test. Based on the results, we can conclude that 60 days VDE significantly improves hippocampus-dependent learning capacity in trained rats.
Animal model for Sporadic Dementia of Alzheimer’s type (SDAT) using streptozotocin and lipopolysaccharide combinations in rats – Journal of the Medical Sciences (2020)
Sporadic Dementia of Alzheimer’s Disease (SDAT) pathogenesis has not been revealed completely due to the difficulty in creating an appropriate animal model. The purpose was to study the effect of single-dose intraperitoneal induction of streptozotocin (STZ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the β-amyloid levels and the brain function of experimental rats. Rats were divided into three groups: control, TRE1 (STZ 60 mg.kg-1 b.w. + LPS 3 mg.kg-1 b.w.), and TRE2 (STZ 30 mg.kg-1 b.w. + LPS 1.5 mg.kg-1 b.w). We measured β-amyloid levels, as one of the biomarkers of AD, using the ELISA method. Memory performance was observed with the Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. Intraperitoneal STZ and LPS significantly increase soluble brain β-amyloid levels of treatment groups than those in the control group. Moreover, the escape latency and time spent in the target quadrant of treatment groups were significantly higher than those in control at the day-5 MWM test and probe trial. The rats in treatment groups have negative discrimination indexes in NOR tasks, indicating that the rats could not remember the familiar object. Based on the results, the treatment of STZ (60 mg.kg-1 b.w.) and LPS (3 mg.kg-1 b.w.), indicated increase soluble β-amyloid level and leading memory impairment in rats.
Ameliorative Effect of Infused Watercress on Rat Galactopoiesis following Maternal Separation – Journal of Tropical Life Sciences (2018)
Galactopoiesis is the maintenance of milk production. The process that regulated primarily by prolactin hormone. The research was conducted to evaluate galactopoiesis activity by measuring prolactin level and milk production continuity of lactating rats after oral administration of infused watercress. Twenty lactating rats were randomly divided into five groups (two control groups and three variations of infused watercress dose groups). Serum prolactin was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Milk yield was measured using the indirect milk measurement method by Sampson and Jansen. Milk protein level was measured using Kjeldahl method. The treatment of infused watercress (10 g/kg body weight), started from postnatal days 3 until 12, indicated an ameliorative effect on rat galactopoiesis by increasing milk yield and prolactin levels, but not milk total protein.
Biochemical compounds and sub-chronic toxicity test of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina sp. isolated from Glagah Coastal Water – Journal of Biological Researches (2018)
Microalgae are microscopic photosynthetic organisms found in marine and freshwater environments. This organism is a eukaryotic group of polyphyletic and very diverse. This study investigated the biochemical composition and sub-chronic test of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina sp. isolated from Glagah coastal water (Yogyakarta, Indonesia) as a preclinical study to create a potential nutritional supplement for human health. Microalgae culture was analyzed for biochemical composition using several methods: AAS for metal analysis (Pb, Cu, Fe, Mg, Zn, and Hg), GC-MS, and UV spectrophotometer for fatty acid profiles analysis (linolenic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, EPA, DHA, omega 6 and 9), Alkaloids, Steroids, Tanin and Saponin. The next step is to do a sub-chronic test of microalgae biomass using experimental animals. The result shows that Spirulina sp. and Chlorella sp. contain 16 and 10 different biochemical compounds respectively. Furthermore, organic nutritional properties in both of microalgae are relatively high with a rich biochemical profile of Fe and nutritious poly-unsaturated fats (such as linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, omega 6, and 9). Regarding the sub-chronic toxicity test, it was clear that Spirulina and Chlorella did not affect the blood profile. These findings suggest that both of Glagah strain microalgae are considered to have great potential as a multi-nutritional human health supplement.
Proceedings
The effect of administration MarolisTM probiotic on haematology profile and organs function (liver and kidney) of broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) – AIP Conference Proceedings 2260, 060019 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0015730
MarolisTM is one of commercial probiotic product in the world of animal husbandry. MarolisTM contains various microbes that can help increase growth and improve animal health. The research aimed to determine the effect of MarolisTM on hematological profile and health of broiler chickens through organs function test. This study used 40 broiler chickens, consisted of 4 treatment groups based, they are control group without probiotic, probiotic treatment group with a concentration of 0,5 ml, 0,1 ml, and 1,5 ml in drinking water for 42 days. The parameter observed are hematology comprising the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, number of leukocyte and differential count, and measurement of SGPT and creatinine levels. Data obtained were analyzed by one way ANOVA and continued with Duncan test. The results showed that administration of MarolisTM probiotic no effect on creatinine and SGPT levels, also did not effect the number of leukocytes, hemoglobin and number of diffrential leukocytes expect monocytes. The administration of Marolis probiotics has no significant effect on creatinine and SGPT levels, haemoglobin levels, and number of leukocyte, but has a significant effect on decreasing of leukocytes count especially monocytes. There is a tendency of administration Marolis probiotic is able to increase the number of erythrocytes back to normal levels.
The effects of addition MarolisTM probiotics for broiler performance and meat quality (Gallus gallus domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) – AIP Conference Proceedings 2260, 030004 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0015719
MarolisTM is one of liquid probiotic product which commercially used in animal husbandry. Probiotics addition in diet of livestock such as poultry may increase productivity of poultry, improve its performance, immunity and reproductivity. This research was conducted to determine the effect of MarolisTM probiotics on broiler performance and meat quality. Fourty DOC (Days Old Chiken) broilers were divided randomly into four groups. First group was control. Second group, third group and fourth group were treated with Marolis probiotic each different concentrations (0.5 mL, 1.0 mL and 1, 5 mL). Growth studies included measurements of body weight and morphometry, and meat quality was tested by measurements of water content using the Gravimetric method, measurement of ash content using the Gravimetric method, measurement of total fat using the Gravimetric method, and protein measurement using Kjeldahl method. The datas were obtained and statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 by general linear model univariate test and compare means one-way Annova (α=5%). The results indicated that Marolis had significantly affected Broiler performance including increasing body weight, body length, wings length, tibia length and shank length. Marolis at a dose of 1.5 mL can improve the quality of broiler chicken meat, significantly increasing the percentage of total protein. It can be concluded that broiler which treatment by probiotic Marolis had improve the performance and meat quality of Broiler.
Conferences
Intraperitoneal Streptozotocin And Lipopolysaccharides Injection Promotes Anxiogenic Behavior In Rats – Asian Regional Symposium of Asian Federation of Biotechnology held in Indonesia (2019)
In previous research, we have investigated a dementia model using intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, very little is known about anxiety-like behavioral effects in this model. Our hypothesis was if an intraperitoneal injection of STZ and LPS induces anxiety-like behavior in rats. Rats were divided into control and two treatment group with different doses of STZ and LPS. We performed an Open Field Test (OFT) with behavior tracking software and manual observation to assess anxiety-like behavioral performance in rats. Several parameters were observed: total distance movement; movement trajectories; the number of rearing and center crossing; duration of freezing, rearing, and grooming. Our findings of the present study indicate that i.p. injection of STZ (60 mg kg-1 b.w.) and LPS (3 mg kg-1 b.w.) in rats resulted in an anxiogenic behavior. Thigmotaxis activities of treated rats were clear observed according to the movement trajectories pattern. Treated rats exhibit more frequent anxiogenic behavior i.e. freezing. Moreover, rats have lower anxiolytic behavior: rearing, crossing, and grooming. The results indicate that i.p. STZ and LPS injection promote anxiogenic behavior in rats.
Lipid Profile and Visceral Fat Index Alteration in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus model using High Carbohydrate Diet and Low-dose Streptozotocin Administration – International Symposium of Global Physiology held in Indonesia (2018)
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease caused by the insensitivity of cell insulin receptors. Different studies in animal models have been conducted to depict the figure of diabetes. We develop a diabetic animal model using a high-carbohydrate diet and low-dose streptozotocin injection. The purpose of the present study was to determine the lipid profile and visceral fat index of rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) which was induced by a high-carbohydrate diet and low-dose streptozotocin. Twenty male rats aged 5 weeks were divided into control and treatment groups. Rats of the treatment group were fed with a high-carbohydrate diet then injected with single dose streptozotocin (30 mg/kg.bw i.m.). Blood lipid profile was analyzed using enzymatic photometric method. The visceral fat index was measured using an analytical balance. Obtained data were analyzed using an independent T-test. The result showed a significant weight loss in the treatment group. Blood glucose levels of the treatment group were higher than those in the control group. Blood cholesterol and LDL levels of treatment groups were lower than those in the control group but statistically insignificant. HDL and triglyceride levels of treatment group were higher, but not significant than those in the control group. The visceral fat index of the treatment group was lower significantly than the control group. Type 2 DM induction in rats using a high-carbohydrate diet and low-dose streptozotocin during 30 days significantly decreased visceral fat index, but not lipid profile.
Prolactin Level and Milk Production in Postpartum Rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) After Treated Using Infused Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) – International Conference of Biological Sciences held in Indonesia (2017)
Adequate milk production is necessary to support the sustainability of breastfeeding. Traditionally, people in Central Java, Indonesia use watercress (Nasturtium officinale) as an additional food that is believed to expedite breastmilk. Therefore, the research was conducted to measure prolactin level and milk production in postpartum rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) after oral administration of infused watercress. Twenty pregnant rats were divided randomly into 5 groups with 4 repetitions. Treatment was given using a cannula, from D+3 to D+12 postpartum. The 5 groups were control (1 mL distilled water); Domperidone 0,6 mg/kg body weight (as a positive control); infused watercress doses 5, 10, and 15 g/kg BW as P1, P2, and P3 respectively. Serum prolactin was measured using the ELISA method. Milk production was measured using Sampson and Jansen method (1984). Milk protein level was measured using Kjeldahl method. The results were analyzed using one way ANOVA continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) using SPSS 16.0. Based on the results, infused watercress was able to increase prolactin level, total protein, and milk production. The most effective treatment was infused watercress 10 g/kg BW (P2) with the results are prolactin level of 9,12 ng/mL, total protein of 12,200 % b/v, and milk production about 46,162 g/pup/day.
in the research day 
in the conference